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COGNITIVE HYPNOTHERAPY FOR DEPRESSION
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to counter the NSH. Here are some of the examples of posthypnotic
suggestions that were offered for countering NSH:
While you focus on the situation, you will feel less depressed.
When you plan to improve your future, you will feel more optimistic about
the future.
As you become interested in the situation, you will forget about your worries.
As you feel involved, you will be motivated to do more things.
Self-hypnosis.
After the first hypnosis session, the patient was pro-
vided with a prerecorded audiotape of self-hypnotic procedure. The
tape consisted of relaxation with counting method (Gibbons, 1979) of
hypnotic induction and deepening, and it contained suggestions for
creating a good frame of mind and offered ego-strengthening posthyp-
notic suggestions. The patient was instructed and encouraged to listen
to the self-hypnosis tape at least once daily. The homework assign-
ment provided continuity of treatment between sessions and offered
the patient the opportunity to learn self-hypnosis. The contents of the
self-hypnosis audiotape were the same for every participant in the
study.
Variables
The independent variable was treatment type (CH or CBT). The
dependent variables were the standardized mean scores on the BDI-II,
the BAI, the BHS, and the BSS. Scores from the three Beck measures
were obtained at seven different points of time (baseline, 4, 8, 12, 16,
42, and 68 weeks).
R
ESULTS
Analyses
Separate analyses were conducted using repeated measures ANO-
VAs to determine differences between the two treatment groups on
the dependent variables. Paired samples
t
tests were conducted on the
data from the three Beck measures, at each of the seven treatment
weeks (points) by treatment type. Second, a correlation analysis was
used to analyze the mean scores from the BSS by treatment type (CH
versus CBT) with the three Beck measures obtained at the termination
of treatment (Week 16) and follow-up weeks (Weeks 42 and 68). A con-
servative value,
p
< .01, was chosen to minimize Type I errors given the
large number of ANOVAs conducted. In the omnibus analysis, Geisser-
Greenhouse
F
test values were utilized as conservative estimates to
correct for the multisample sphericity assumption in the repeated mea-
sures ANOVA. Effect sizes, the correlation ratio eta
2
or
η
2
, were calcu-
lated and included in the reporting of the results.
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