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G.J. HYMAN et al.
were expected to be able to cease smoking after the session without help. The next three
sessions followed the procedures of the first, except that the last 5 minutes was devoted
to the recording of the subject’s smoking rate.
Control
This final group of subjects were placed on a waiting list for 3 months. They were
seen for the one assessment session during which they completed the questionnaires.
They had no further contact for a period of 3 months, but were offered treatment after
this time if they so wished.
Three-month follow-up
All.subjects were asked to attend for follow-up 3 months after treatment had ceased,
or in the case of the control group, 3 months after they had last been seen. Of the 60
subjects in the study, only three (5%) could not attend and only one could not be con-
tacted. Self-reported smoking rate was recorded and the $50 deposit was refunded. An-
other blood sample (10mls) was taken for thiocyanate analysis.
Six-month follow-up
As subjects in the control group were treated after the 3 month follow-up, only the
subjects in the other three groups were contacted for the 6-month follow-up. This
follow-up by letter inquired as to their smoking rate. Of the 45 subjects in the three
treatment groups, 39 (87%) replied.
RESULTS
A pretreatment comparison of the four experimental groups on the age, estimated
and monitored smoking rates and thiocyanate levels (Table l), revealed no significant
differences between the groups (Analysis of Variance; ANOVA).
The comparison between subject’s estimated smoking rates (X = 29.9 SD = 11.40)
and their monitored smoking rates (X = 26.7 SD = 11.50) revealed the estimated rate
of smoking to be slightly higher. The two rates were found to be significantly correlated
(Spearmans Rank Order Correlation
r = 0.85, p < 0.001)
(Snedecor & Cochran, 1967).
Table 1. Means, standard deviations and one way ANOVA between groups
for smoking variables at the pretreatment
period (n = 60).
Variable
Hypnosis
Focussed
Attention
Smoking
Control
Placebo
(3.Fs9)
Age (years)
31.1(4.5)
Estimated
smoking rate
(cig/day)
31.7(12.7)
Monitored
smoking rate
(cig/day)
28.5(15.1)
Thiocyanate
levels
(u mol/litre)
149.5(32.4)
(
)
s.d.
Note: all F values not
significant.
37.7(13.7)
37.9(8.8)
32.4(9.5)
2.02
32.7(11.5)
27.7(10.9)
27.7(10.7)
0.79
27.5(12.1)
21.8(7.5)
28.8(10.2)
1.21
147.1(38.5)
134.7(28.3)
147.2(29.2)
0.63