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Cancer Pain Relief Committee. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Key Words
Hypnosis, pediatric nursing, cancer, pain, anxiety, lumbar puncture, bone marrow
aspiration, systematic review
Introduction
Despite advances in anesthesia and developments
in the management of cancer-related
procedures, children with cancer (and their
parents) regard procedure-related pain from
interventions such as lumbar punctures (LPs)
or bone marrow aspirations (BMAs) as one
of the most difficult and distressing aspects
of cancer.
1,2
Evidence suggests that repetition
This review was conducted as part of the NHS Priorities
Project. The NHS Priorities Project is funded
by the Department of Health.
Address reprint requests to:
Janet Richardson, PhD, RN,
Faculty of Health and Social Work, Portland Square,
University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth,
Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom. E-mail:
janet.
richardson@plymouth.ac.uk
.
Accepted for publication: June 23, 2005.
2006 U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee
Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
0885-3924/06/$--see front matter
doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2005.06.010
70 Journal of Pain and Symptom Management Vol. 31 No. 1 January 2006
of such procedures does not desensitize the
child to the distress. Furthermore, distress is