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received training in either hypnosis or
cognitive coping strategies prior to treatment
with LP or BMA procedure. Patients were
grouped for analysis into younger (5--11) and
older (12--18 years) groups. Patients in the hypnosis
group showed significant decreases in
pain and observer-reported anxiety but not patient-
reported anxiety, compared with controls.
Correlations of hypnotizability were nonsignificant.
This was an underpowered small sample
with population heterogeneity of age between
groups. Statistical procedures are inadequately
reported. Results were not differentiated or
compared by age despite stratification preintervention.
Baseline characteristics are not adequately
reported (for example, treatment
cycles, time since diagnosis), thus group equivalence
preintervention is unknown.
Kuttner et al.
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conducted a three-armed
RCT with 48 pediatric leukemia patients who
were undergoing BMAs. There were two intervention
groups, one of which included hypnosis
and the other behavioral distraction (imaginative
involvement). The control group received
standard care only. Results showed that the interventions
were differentially effective for the
younger and older children. In the younger
group (aged 3--6), hypnosis provided a significant
reduction in pain and anxiety compared