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ASSEN ALLADIN AND ALISHA ALIBHAI
Measures
The outcome measures consisted of the revised Beck Depression
Inventory (BDI-II; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996), the Beck Anxiety Inven-
tory (BAI; Beck & Steer, 1993a), and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS;
Beck & Steer, 1993b). These self-report measures are widely used in
both psychiatric and primary care settings and they are considered to
be reliable, valid, cost effective, and efficient (Nezu, Nezu, McClure, &
Zwick, 2002). The measures were administered in the first (baseline),
fourth, eighth, twelfth, and sixteenth sessions, and at the 6-month
(42 weeks) and 12-month (68 weeks) follow-ups. The subjects’ baseline
measures on the BSS were obtained at Week 1, and these mean scores
are found in Table 2.
Procedure
The CBT was based on the manual produced by Beck, Rush, Shaw,
and Emery (1979). The CH (Alladin, 1994, 2006a) consisted of CBT sup-
plemented by the following hypnotic procedures: hypnotic induction,
ego-strengthening, expansion of awareness, positive mood induction
(developing antidepressive pathways), posthypnotic suggestions, and
self-hypnosis (see Alladin, 2006a for a detailed description of these
procedures).
Hypnotic induction.
The relaxation with counting method (see
Gibbons, 1979) of hypnotic induction and deepening was used. This
technique was chosen as it is easily adapted for self-hypnosis training.
The focus of the hypnotic sessions was on (a) relaxation (to prove that
Table 1
Demographic Characteristics of the Two Treatment Groups at Baseline
Subject Characteristics
CH (
n
= 42)
CBT (
n
= 42)
n
M SD n M SD
Male
18
18
Single
3
2
Married
8
14
Separated/Divorced 7
2
Age
35.67 11.40
33.67 9.87
Duration of illness
5.67 3.58
5.56 2.62
Female
24
24
Single
3
2
Married
15
12
Separated/Divorced 6
10
Age
36.17 12.90
36.50 13.52
Duration of illness
6.29 3.39
6.00 3.06
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