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156
ASSEN ALLADIN AND ALISHA ALIBHAI
that they continued to listen to their self-hypnosis tapes regularly after
the termination of the trial as they found it very helpful in promoting
relaxation and boosting their morale.
For the BDI-II, the main effect of week was found to be significant
during treatment (see Table 3). The main effect of week was also signifi-
cant at follow-up. No significant main effect was found for group. In
terms of the BAI, statistical significance was found for both the main
effect of week and the interaction between week and group (see Table 3).
Significant main effects of both week and group were also found at
follow-up. For the BHS, the main effect of week achieved statistical
significance during treatment and at follow-up.
Effect Sizes
Effect sizes were determined by calculating the differences of the mean
scores from baseline to treatment termination for each treatment group
and dividing by pooled standard deviation of each of the groups (Cohen,
1988). Effect size calculations for the BDI-II scores revealed that CH pro-
duced a 5% greater reduction in depression beyond the CBT group from
baseline to termination of treatment. Furthermore, the CH group displayed
lower depression scores compared to the CBT group at both treatment ter-
mination (Week 16) (6% lower) and 12-month follow-up (3% lower) points.
An examination of BAI scores revealed a 16% greater reduction in
anxiety for the CH group compared to the CBT group from baseline to
the 12-month follow-up. Compared to the CBT group, the CH group
revealed lower anxiety scores at termination of treatment (6% lower)
and at the 12-month follow-up (9% lower).
With reference to BHS scores, CH produced an 8% greater reduction
in hopelessness compared to CBT from baseline to termination of treat-
ment. Furthermore, participants in the CH group displayed a 10%
decrease in hopelessness at both the point of treatment termination
and the 12-month follow-up. The results of this study clearly demon-
strate that CH is equally, or even more, effective than CBT in the man-
agement of chronic depressives. The addition of hypnosis to CBT
appears to have the greatest long-term impact on anxiety and hope-
lessness. The consistency in participants’ lowers BDI-II means scores
from baseline through to termination of treatment and on through fol-
low-up demonstrates the added efficacy of CH for treating depression.
Correlation Analyses
The correlation analysis between hypnotic suggestibility (as mea-
sured by BSS scores) and clinical improvement is displayed in Table 4.
The BSS mean scores and standard deviations at Week 1 were 5.81
(1.57) for the CH group and 6.14 (1.39) for the CBT group.
Irrespective of treatment modality, the moderate to highly
suggestible subjects produced significantly more improvement than
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