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Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis
532Tayl r & FrancisTaylor and Francis 325 Chestnut StreetPhiladelphiaPA191060020-7144
NHYP Taylor & Francis Inc.
5 653 10.1080/00207140590927545
2 0146MARK P. JENSEN ET AL.
HYPNOTI ANALGESIA IN PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
HYPNOTIC ANALGESIA FOR CHRONIC
PAIN IN PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES:
A Case Series
1
MARK P. JENSEN,
2
MARISOL A. HANLEY, JOYCE M. ENGEL,
JOAN M. ROMANO, JOSEPH BARBER, DIANA D. CARDENAS,
GEORGE H. KRAFT, AMY J. HOFFMAN,
AND
DAVID R. PATTERSON
1
University of Washington, Seattle
Abstract:
Thirty-three adults with chronic pain and a disability were
treated with hypnotic analgesia. Analyses showed significant pre- to
posttreatment changes in average pain intensity that was maintained
at 3-month follow-up. Significant changes were also found in pain
unpleasantness and perceived control over pain but not in pain inter-
ference or depressive symptoms. Hypnotizability, concentration of
treatment (e.g., daily vs. up to weekly), and initial response to treat-
ment were not significantly associated with treatment outcome. How-
ever, treatment-outcome expectancy assessed after the first session
showed a moderate association with treatment outcome. The findings
support the use of hypnotic analgesia for the treatment of pain in per-
sons with disabilities for some patients but not the use of pretreatment
measures of hypnotizability or treatment-outcome expectancy for
screening patients for treatment.
In a recent comprehensive review of the scope and treatment of
chronic pain in persons with disabilities, Ehde and colleagues (Ehde,
Jensen, et al., 2003) noted that nearly one third of persons with spinal
cord injury (SCI) report severe pain. They also noted that about three
quarters of persons with acquired amputations report phantom-limb
pain, residual limb pain, or both (Ehde, Gibbons, et al., 2003). About
two thirds of patients with cerebral palsy (CP) experience chronic pain
Manuscript submitted September 3, 2004; final revision received September 13, 2004.
1
This research was supported by grant number R01 HD42838 from the National Insti-
tutes of Health, National Institute of Child and Health, National Center for Medical
Rehabilitation Research, grant number H133B031129 from the Department of Education,
National Center of Disability and Rehabilitation Research, and the Hughes M. and
Katherine G. Blake Endowed Professorship in Health Psychology awarded to MPJ. The
authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Chiara LaRotonda and Kristin
McArthur in data collection and data entry.
2
Address correspondence to Mark P. Jensen, Ph.D., Department of Rehabilitation
Medicine, Box 356490, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-6490, USA. E-mail:
mjensen@u.washington.edu